Despite the fact that most oral health conditions are preventable, and can be treated in the early stages of the disease, 3.5 billion people continue to suffer from oral health issues. In addition, the majority of affected people, 75%, live in middle-income countries.
Researchers find that global urbanization is to blame for these increasing numbers. The prevalence of food and beverages containing large grams of sugars and sweeteners can be attributed to this growing problem. The lack of affordability for oral hygiene products and clean water access is also a contributing factor to this oral health decline.
Some of the most common oral health issues include dental caries, Periodontal (Gum) Disease, Noma, and oral cancer.
Dental caries occur when plaque converts sugars from food into acids that have the capabilities to damage the teeth. This especially is associated with high sugar intake, and poor brushing routines. This can lead to cavities and possible removal of a tooth.
Periodontal (Gum) Disease directly affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It is caused by high tobacco usage and poor oral hygiene. A key indicator of this disease is swollen and bleeding gums.
Noma primarily affects children with poor nutrition and hygiene practices. It leads to rapid tissue destruction on the face and mouth and can be fatal without treatment.
Oral cancer is common in men and occurs in the mouth and surrounding lips and throat areas of the face. Risk factors of this cancer include high alcohol consumption, betel nut use, and HPV infections.
In order to reduce the numbers of oral infections and disease worldwide it is instrumental for healthcare providers to stress a healthy and balanced diet, proper oral hygiene, and reducing the consumption of drugs and alcohol.
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