About 147 million people globally take cannabis. In the U.S., about 19% of people consume it. Marijuana consumption is prevalent especially among the youth, with 35.4% of people aged 18-25 report taking some form of marijuana in 2021 according to Cleveland Clinic. With its growing legalization and usage, the totality of its health effects continue to be unearthed.
Marijuana helps the user to feel calmer and offers temporary pain relief. Previously known immediate health effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure. Additional side effects also include dizziness, addition, and impacts on the brain (dizziness, slower reaction time, memory issues, etc). Marijuana’s previous state of being outlawed and relatively recent introduction into modern usage among a younger generation has kept its specific health risks–especially long term–obsure; however, new studies continue to outline these effects.
In a study published by the journal Heart, researchers analyzed a number of global studies conducted between 2016 and 2023 regarding the effects of cannabis on users’ health. Compared to nonusers, the study found those who consume cannabis regularly had a 20% higher risk for a stroke and dramatically higher risk of a heart attack. Some found a correlation between frequent marijuana use and a near double risk of heart disease related death.
Overall, multiple researchers and studies have linked marijuana use to a profound impact on increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. For example, the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which involves reduced blood flow to the heart. Other recent studies show links to endothelial dysfunction, where blood vessels on the heart constrict. The consequences of marijuana use on the cardiovascular system is especially concerning, considering that heart disease is the highest cause of death in the United States.
On the other hand, defense surrounding cannabis also continues to mount. Multiple studies conclude there are no effects of marijuana use on the heart. Advocates such as Paul Armentano–deputy director of nonprofit NORML–reiterate the lack of risks in comparison to a variety of benefits from cannabis.
Studies like these bring into question the gradual legalization of cannabis, as it is now legal in 24 U.S. states. It also challenges the notion largely shared among doctors and researchers that it is relatively safe. Additionally, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration is working to reclassify the drug as less dangerous. Continued research may exacerbate the contentious debates around cannabis use and legalization. This prompts the need for continued scanning of cannabis’ actual risks, widespread education (particularly among the youth), and a review of public policy.
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